History 3208: History of Immigration, Ethnicity, and Nativism
Professor Peter Catapano

The Rise of Nativism and the End of Open Immigration

I. The Rise of Nativism  Daniel's "Three Phases of Nativism" Anti-Catholic (pope's dream) (Nast cartoon) From the1830-1850s Targeted mostly the Irish Anti-Asian (The Chinese Question) Begins in 1870s Naturalization Act  Chinese Exclusion Act Later targeted Japanese  Gentlemen's Agreement (1907) Anti - all Immigration

The great fear of the period That Uncle Sam may be swallowed by foreigners : The problem solved. LIthograph, San Francisco : White & Bauer, [between 1860 and 1869] http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/chinese5.html

World War 1 poster

II. Anti-Immigrant Backlash in the early 20th Century 1880-1920s - Massive Immigration Wave - "Immigrant Invasion" 1/3 of the population either foreign born or had a least one foreign born parent Some Protestant leaders concerned about the numbers of Catholics, Jewish and Orthodox immigrants Economic Competition "Scientific Racism" and the Decline of the Race (eugenics definition) (website) (DNA era link) Immigration Restriction League (1894) Thomas Bailey Aldrich, "The Unguarded Gates" (1882) (poem) Madison Grant, "The Passing of the Great Race" (1916) excerpt War and Nationalism Increased Attention to immigration by the Federal Government (partial list)

III. The Effects of the "Quota" (timeline) Dillingham Immigration Act (1921) Set temporary quota of 3% of a nationality based on the 1910 census No quotas for Western Hemisphere nations (Canada, Mexico, etc.) Immigration Act (1924) Set permanent quota based on 3% of 1890 census Exceptions to the National Quotas family reunification workers with specific skills Effectively ended the European wave that began in 1880

Political cartoon from 1921

Updated 3/20/10